Analysis of growth and phenology in biotypes of <i>Raphanus raphanistrum</i> susceptible and resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides<sup/>

Fruet, Diogo Luiz; Schelter, Mayra Luiza; Rossi, João Pedro; Vieira, João Victor Ritter; Guerra, Naiara; Oliveira Neto, Antonio Mendes de

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20240018

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 55 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20240018 copy

Analysis of growth and phenology in biotypes of Raphanus raphanistrum susceptible and resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides¹ 1 Extracted from the master's thesis presented to the Postgraduate Program in Plant Production at UDESC/CAV. Funded by FAPESC

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The resistance of a weed to a herbicide may be accompanied by an ecological disadvantage, which can hinder the establishment of resistant biotypes when the herbicide is not used. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the growth and phenology of two biotypes of Raphanus raphanistrum, one susceptible and the other resistant to ALS inhibitors. The research was carried out from August to December 2020, conducting two simultaneous experiments, with the susceptible and resistant biotypes grown as single crops or together with wheat. The parameters under evaluation were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight, growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate, and phenology - determined using the BBCH scale. The results showed not only that development and growth in the sensitive biotype was greater compared to the resistant biotype, but also the precocity of the biotype. The only variable for which the resistant biotype was superior was root dry weight. Cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors resulted in a difference in the growth and phenology of the resistant biotype that should be better evaluated, as the populations present large genetic differences.

Key words:
Phenology; Raphanus raphanistrum; Competition

Susceptible			Resistant
DAE	BBCH	Stage	DAE	BBCH	Stage
		Seeding			Seeding
0	0	Emergence	0	0	Emergence
9	1	Leaf development	13	1	Leaf development
16	2	Formation of side shoots	16	2	Formation of side shoots
22	3	Lengthening of the rosette	29	3	Lengthening of the rosette
24	4	Development of propagative parts	31	4	Development of propagative parts
27	5	Inflorescence	34	5	Inflorescence
45	6	Flowering	54	6	Flowering
55	7	Fruit development	60	7	Fruit development
76	8	Ripening of the fruit and seeds	83	8	Ripening of the fruit and seeds
100	9	Senescence	108	9	Senescence
1 - Leaf development
1	10	First leaf emerged from the coleoptile	1	10	First leaf emerged from the coleoptile
12	11	First true leaf	12	11	First true leaf
14	12	Two true leaves, pairs of leaves or folded whorls	14	12	Two true leaves, pairs of leaves or folded whorls
16	13	Three true leaves, pairs of leaves or folded whorls	17	13	Three true leaves, pairs of leaves or folded whorls
25	19	Nine or more true leaves, pairs of leaves, or folded whorls	27	19	Nine or more true leaves, pairs of leaves, or folded whorls
5 - Inflorescence
24	51	Inflorescence or visible parts	27	51	Inflorescence or visible parts
25	55	First visible flowers	29	55	First visible flowers
27	59	First petals on the leaves	34	59	First petals on the leaves
6 - Flowering
27	60	First visible flower	34	60	First visible flower
43	65	50% of the flowers open	52	65	50% of the flowers open
52	67	End of flowering	57	67	End of flowering
55	69	End of flowering and visible fruit	60	69	End of flowering and visible fruit
7 - Fruit development
62	71	10% of the fruit at the final size	62	71	10% of the fruit at the final size
75	75	50% of the fruit at the final size	86	75	50% of the fruit at the final size
88	79	All fruit at the final size	96	79	All fruit at the final size
8 - Maturation of the fruit and seeds
70	81	Start of maturation	83	81	Start of maturation
81	85	Advanced maturation	100	85	Advanced maturation
104	89	Start of fruit abscission	108	89	Start of fruit abscission
9 - Senescence
74	91	Branch development complete, leaves still green	76	91	Branch development complete, leaves still green
75	93	Start of leaf fall	77	93	Start of leaf fall
85	95	50% fallen leaves	88	95	50% fallen leaves
100	97	End of leaf fall, plant or shoots dead or dormant	116	97	End of leaf fall, plant or shoots dead or dormant
118	99	Harvest	118	99	Harvest

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Analysis of growth and phenology in biotypes of Raphanus raphanistrum susceptible and resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides1 1 Extracted from the master's thesis presented to the Postgraduate Program in Plant Production at UDESC/CAV. Funded by FAPESC

ABSTRACT

Analysis of growth and phenology in biotypes of Raphanus raphanistrum susceptible and resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides¹ 1 Extracted from the master's thesis presented to the Postgraduate Program in Plant Production at UDESC/CAV. Funded by FAPESC